Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is the name of a condition in women where the normal balance of bacteria in the vagina is disrupted and replaced by an overgrowth of certain bacteria. It is sometimes accompanied by discharge, fishy odor, pain, itching, or burning.

How Common is Bacterial Vaginosis?

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection in women of childbearing age.

How do Women Get Bacterial Vaginosis?

The cause of BV is not fully understood. BV is associated with an imbalance in the bacteria that are normally found in a woman's vagina. The vagina normally contains mostly "good" bacteria, and fewer "harmful" bacteria. BV develops when there is an increase in harmful bacteria.

Not enough is known about how women get BV. There are many unanswered questions about the role that harmful bacteria play in causing BV. Any woman can get BV. However, some behaviors can upset the normal balance of bacteria in the vagina and put women at increased risk including:

• Having a new sex partner or multiple sex partners
• Douching
• Using an intrauterine device (IUD) for contraception

Women do not get BV from toilet seats, bedding, swimming pools, or from touching objects around them. Women that have never had sexual intercourse are rarely affected.

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Bacterial Vaginosis?

Women with BV may have an abnormal vaginal discharge with an unpleasant, fishy odor, especially after intercourse. Discharge, if present, is usually white or gray; it can be thin. Women with BV may also have burning during urination or itching around the outside of the vagina, or both. Some women with BV report no signs or symptoms at all.

What are the Complications of Bacterial Vaginosis?

In most cases, BV causes no complications. But there are some serious risks from BV including:

• Having BV can increase a woman's susceptibility to HIV infection if she is exposed to the HIV virus.

• Having BV increases the chances that an HIV-infected woman can pass HIV to her sex partner.

• Having BV has been associated with an increase in the development of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) following surgical procedures such as a hysterectomy or an abortion.

• Having BV while pregnant may put a woman at increased risk for some complications of pregnancy.

• BV can increase a woman's susceptibility to other STDs, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea.

How Is Bacterial Vaginosis Diagnosed?

A laboratory test must be performed on a sample of the vaginal fluid. Many women who have had BV in the past will know when they have it again.

What is the Treatment For Bacterial Vaginosis?

Although BV will sometimes clear up without treatment, all women with symptoms of BV should be treated to avoid such complications as PID. Male partners generally do not need to be treated. However, BV may spread between female sex partners.

BV is treatable with antibiotics. However, antibiotics will almost always cause a yeast infection. Natural herbal treatments are safer and will not cause other problems.

BV can recur after treatment.
See Femanol to avoid yeast infections and recurrence.

How is Bacterial Vaginosis Prevented?

BV is not completely understood by the medical society, and the best ways to prevent it are unknown. However, it is known that BV is associated with having a new sex partner or having multiple sex partners. It is seldom found in women who have never had intercourse.

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